Objectives:

1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

2. To assess the post-test knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

3. To compare the pretest and posttest knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

4. To ascertain the relationship of structured teaching on knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students with selected personal variables.

Material and Method: Experimental approach, true experimental design was used and the study conducted in Rajasthan institute of nursing and Shri Kalyan Arogaya Sadan, Sikar (Rajasthan). 60students of G.N.M were chosen by Non proportionate stratified random sampling. The data collected through self-structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, median and mode) and inferential statistics (Chi square, F test, Correlation of coefficient and t test).

Results: The pretest mean knowledge score of experimental group was 19.70 and in post-test 32.62 after carrying out the structured teaching programme. On other side control group mean knowledge score of pretest was 19.78 and in post-test 21.38. Horizontal ‘t’ test findings between pre-test and post-test of experimental group was 19.061 is highly significant at the level of P<0.001 and vertical ‘t’ test value between post-tests of control and experimental group was 198.538 also highly significant at the level of P<0.001. It has shown that structured teaching brought valuable change in the knowledge of school children regarding traffic safety.

Recommendations: The findings of the study shown that there is need to carry out the interventions to increase the knowledge of G.N.M students regarding management of diabetes mellitus which further will help to increase the diabetes patient care.

KEYWORDS: Experimental Study, Structured Teaching Programme, Diabetes Mellitus, G.N.M students

INTRODUCTION:

“Life is not over because you have diabetes. Make the most of what you have, be grateful’’

Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem throughout the world.

Around 150 Million peoples suffered from diabetes in the World, out of that above 35 million are Indians, the highest in the world, so it is called Diabetic capital of world.¹ Every fifth person who suffer from diabetes in the world today is an Indian.² By 2030 Indian will have 79.4 Million diabetic projects of WHO (World Health Organization) that’s more than twice the current number over 35 million cases. No wonder India is the “Diabetic Capital of the World”.³

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates the total number of people in India with diabetes to be around 50.8 million in 2010, rising to 87.0 million by 2030. Although, the prevalence of diabetes in India is likely to continue to be among top three countries (China, India and USA) that are estimated to have the highest number of people with diabetes by the year 2030.^4,5

The economic cost of diabetes continue to increase because of increasing health care cost and an aging population. Half of all people who have diabetes and are older than 65 years of age are hospitalized each year and severe and life threatening complications often contribute to the increased rate of hospitalization.⁶

METHODS AND MATERIAL:

Objectives

1. To assess the pretest knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

2. To assess the post-test knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

3. To compare the pretest and posttest knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students of control and experimental group.

4. To ascertain the relationship of structured teaching on knowledge regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M. students with selected personal variables.

Hypothesis

• H1 The posttest mean knowledge score regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M students in the experimental group will be significantly higher than those of the control group G.N.MM students of the control group as measured by structured questionnaire at 0.05 levels.

H0 There will not be statistically significant difference in posttest mean knowledge score regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M students in the in control and experimental group as measured by structured questionnaire.

Research Approach

An experimental research approach was adopted to accomplish the objective of the study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding the management of diabetes mellitus among G.N.M students in Rajasthan institute of nursing and Shri Kalyan Arogaya Sadan, Sikar (Rajasthan)

Research Design

An experimental design was prepared to develop a plan of strategy that would guide the collection and analysis of data.

Experimental group: 01- X- 02, Control group 01- 02

· O1 –Pretest

· X – Manipulation

· O2 – Posttest

Sample and Sampling Technique

Two nursing schools were confirmed to conduct study. These schools were divided into control and experimental group with help of lottery method. The total 60G.N.M students were selected from both groups by using stratified random sampling technique.

Description of tool

The tool consisted of two parts

Part1: Sample characteristics

This part consisted of 5 items for obtaining personal information:

Part2: Questionnaire

This part consists of multiple choice questions on all aspects of G.N.M students regarding management of diabetes mellitus. This questionnaire consisted of 40 multiple choice items, each item consist of one correct answer among the four choices and each correct answer carry one mark.

Plan of Analysis

Analysis and interpretation of data was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Percentage, Mean, Mean Percentage, Standard Deviation, and Coefficient of Correlation, Chi Square Test, T Test and ANOVA.

RESULTS:

The data presented in table 1shows computed paired 't' test values between the pre-test and post-test is higher than the table value (t=1.66,p<0.05). The data is statistically significant in all the areas. Hence it is inferred that the STP was effective in increasing the knowledge of subjects regarding management of diabetes mellitus.

Table No. 1: Comparison for effectiveness of teaching by calculating Pretest and Posttest mean, SD, horizontal and vertical ‘t’ test of Knowledge Scores among G.N.M Students Regarding management of diabetes. N=60

Group	Knowledge Score
	Pre-test			Post-test
	N	MEAN	SD	MEAN	SD	DF	T
Control group	30	19.78	3.612	21.38	4.013	29	2.463^NS
Experimental group	30	19.70	3.564	32.62	3.328	29	19.061^**
	Df	T		Df	t
	58	2.324^NS		58	198.538^**

Maximum Score=60, **= significant at P<0.001, Minimum Score=0, NS= Non Significant

Table2 Association between selected variables and pre-test knowledge score among G.N.M students regarding management of diabetes mellitus N=60

Characteristics	Control group (N=30)		Experimental group(N=30)
	F	%	F	%	df	X²
Age
· 18-21	23	76	24	80	1	0.172*
· More than 21	7	23	6	20
Gender
· Male	6	20	7	23	1	0.163*
· Female	24	80	23	76
Residence of students
· Rural	18	60	19	63	1	0.186*
· Urban	12	40	11	37
Religion
· Hindu	28	94	26	87	1	0.179*
· Muslim	01	03	03	10
· Others	01	03	01	03
Past experience of giving care
· Care given one time	11	37	12	40	2	1.321*
· Care given 2-5 times	10	33	09	30
· Care given more than 5 times	03	10	04	13
· Not given	06	20	05	17

*= Not significant

The table 2 shows that Chi-square test value computed between pre-test knowledge score and demographic variables was not significant at 0.05 levels. Therefore there is no association between knowledge score of subjects and above listed selected demographic variables. Hence null hypothesis is accepted and research hypothesis is rejected. Thus it is inferred that gain in knowledge score was due to the administration of STP.

DISCUSSION:

Findings shows that structured teaching programme had excellent level of improvement in experimental group of G.N.M students as in control group it was average or below average. There is no relation between structured teaching programme and personal variables.

REFERENCES:

1. Ebersole. Toward Healthy aging. Human needs and Nursing response. 5^th ed. New York: Mosby; 1998

2. Aruna Dubey, Seema Bhasin, Neelima Gupta and Neeraj Sharma. A Study of Elderly Living in Old Age Home and Within Family. University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India; 2011.

3. RGUHS Journal of Medical Sciences, April 2012, Vol 2, Issue 2. P 102 - 104.

4. MayagahKanj and Wayne Mitic. Discussion at the 7th Global Conference on Health Promotion, World Health Organization. October 2009.

5. K Park, “Textbook of Community Health Nursing”, 4^th edition, Published by M/S Banarsidas Bhanot. P 340-344

6. Neelammakol, Manisha Diabetes an emerging health problems in India. Health action. 2008. Now 4; 6 (10): 4, 5,14, 16.

Received on 31.03.2014 Modified on 30.04.2014

Asian J. Management 5(3): July-September, 2014 page 329-331